Vanadium high-speed steel taps are made from high-speed steel, carbon, vanadium carbide, and other alloys. They provide more abrasion resistance and wear resistance than standard high-speed steel taps and are used for general purpose tapping on hard metals such as stainless steel and high-silicon aluminum. Also called hand taps, vanadium high-speed steel straight-flute taps are turned with a tap wrench to create or repair internal threads in blind holes and through holes. As the taps are rotated into a hole to create threads, the chips move into the flutes but are not evacuated.