Very Fine Surface & Cylindrical Grinding Wheels - Recessed Grinding Wheels

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Primary Material Application

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Nickel Alloy
Steel
Tool Steel

Thickness

1/4 in
1/2 in

Abrasive Grade

Abrasive grade refers to the size and roughness of the abrasive material and affects material removal rates and finish quality. Tool choice, workpiece material, abrasive bond, and abrasive hardness also affect final results.

Coarser grits remove material at higher rates but leave a rougher finish than finer grades. They're often a better choice for soft, ductile, or stringy materials, such as aluminum and soft steel.

Finer grits remove less material and are used when a smooth surface is important and for applications that require precision finishing and close tolerances. Finer grits are a good choice when working with hard and brittle materials such as glass, tool steel, and cemented carbide.

Coarse is 30 to 50 grit.
Medium is 60 to 80 grit.
Fine is 100 to 120 grit.
Very Fine is 150 grit and higher.

Coarse
Medium
Fine
Very Fine

Grit

Grit describes how the size of the abrasive grains. Coarser grits have larger grains with more space between the cutting edges to break down more quickly to maintain a sharp edge and remove material quickly. Finer grits have a smoother surface that remove less material and produce a smoother finish.

Hardness

Hardness is a measure of how strongly the bonding agent holds the abrasive grains together. Hardness is described using an A-Z letter scale, with A indicating the softest (weakest) bond and Z representing the hardest (strongest) bond. Harder materials require a softer abrasive, while softer materials require a harder abrasive.

Soft (A-H) is used for rapid stock removal of hard materials (tool and carbon steel) and large areas of contact (over 1/2" width or 50% of total wheel width).
Medium (I-P) is used for tool and cylindrical grinding of moderatly hard materials and medium contact area (1/4" to 1/2" wheel width or 25% to 50% of total wheel width).
Hard (Q-Z) is used on soft materials and narrow contact areas (less than 1/4" wheel width or 25% of total wheel width).

Medium (I-P)
Hard (Q-Z)

Bond

The bonding agent holds abrasive grains together. It contributes to wheel hardness, porosity, grinding temperature, resistance to loading, and the optimal working speed. It also determines the optimal contact area. Large contact area indicates a wheel over 1/2" width or workpiece wheel contact of 50% or more of total wheel width. Medium contact area indicates a 1/4" to 1/2" wheel width or workpiece wheel contact of 25% to 50% of total wheel width. Narrow contact area indicates a wheel less than 1/4" wide or workpiece wheel contact of up to 25% of total wheel width.

V is a tough vitrified bond for high-temperature grinding. Medium contact grinding should be used for general purpose grinding. A narrow contact area is suitable for fine grits and form or corner holding applications.
VBE is a general purpose vitrified bond for narrow to medium contact areas.
VBEP is a porous vitrified bond that provides high chip clearance to provide cool cutting in high stock removal. Medium to high contact areas are suitable for cutting heat-sensitive materials.
VMT is a vitrified bonded silicon carbide abrasive for general purpose applications and medium contact areas.
VS is a vitrified bond used for roughing, finishing, and high stock removal and narrow to medium contact area grinding.
VSP is a vitrified bond that provides high chip clearance to keep the workpiece cool in high stock removal applications and wide contact areas.

Specification

Wheel specification is a Norton-specific code that identifies wheel composition by abrasive, grit, wheel hardness grade, structure (grain spacing), and bond type. This code, printed on all Norton conventional grinding wheels, can be used to quickly identify replacement wheels.

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